Rudolf Carnap Libri

L'ampiezza e il valore del pensiero di Rudolf Carnap negli ambiti dell'epistemologia, dei fondamenti della fisica e della teoria della probabilità sono ben noti. Egli si è dedicato, però, anche allo studio della logica e dei fondamenti della matematica, interesse su cui si sono concentrati alcuni contributi storiografici degli ultimi anni. Le Ricerche sull'assiomatica generale sono il primo lavoro in cui il filosofo approfondisce precisamente tali aspetti. Carnap presenta un'analisi di come si possa caratterizzare una struttura matematica mediante assiomi e distingue in quest'ottica tra i concetti di monomorfia, non ramificabilità e decidibilità. Nucleo del discorso sono dei teoremi metamatematici che investigano le relazioni tra queste tre proprietà, fra i quali è particolarmente rilevante il cosiddetto Gabelbarkeitssatz, o "teorema di ramificabilità", che in termini moderni afferma l'equivalenza tra completezza semantica e categoricità di teorie con un numero finito di assiomi ed esprimibili nella teoria dei tipi semplici. Intuitivamente ciò significa affermare che, in alcuni casi, due realtà descrivibili negli stessi termini sono essenzialmente la stessa realtà.

One of the most creative philosophers of the 20th century, Rudolf Carnap presented a series of science lectures at the University of California in 1958. The present volume is an outgrowth of that seminar, which dealt with the philosophical foundations of physics. Edited by Martin Gardner from transcripts of Carnap's classroom lectures and discussions, the book remains one of the clearest and soundest introductions to the philosophy of science.Specially designed to appeal to a wide range of readers, An Introduction to thePhilosophy of Science offers accessible coverage of such topics as laws and probability, measurement and quantitative language, the structure of space, causality and determinism, theoretical laws and concepts and much more. Stimulating and thought-provoking, the text will be of interest to philosophers, scientists and anyone interested in logical analysis of the concepts, statements and theories of science. Its clear and readable style help make it "the best book available for the intelligent reader who wants to gain some insight into the nature of contemporary philosophy of science" ― Choice. Foreword to the Basic Books Paperback Edition, 1974 (Gardner); Preface (Carnap); Foreword to the Dover Edition (Gardner). 35 black-and-white illustrations. Bibliography.

Focusing on a new approach to semantical analysis, the book introduces the method of extension and intension, which redefines the understanding of linguistic meanings. By modifying traditional concepts of class and property, it contrasts this innovative method with conventional semantical approaches that treat expressions as names of entities. Instead, it emphasizes that expressions embody both an intension and an extension, offering a fresh perspective on meaning in language.

"This book is valuable as expounding in full a theory of meaning that has its roots in the work of Frege and has been of the widest influence. . . . The chief virtue of the book is its systematic character. From Frege to Quine most philosophical logicians have restricted themselves by piecemeal and local assaults on the problems involved. The book is marked by a genial tolerance. Carnap sees himself as proposing conventions rather than asserting truths. However he provides plenty of matter for argument."—Anthony Quinton, Hibbert Journal

The book features a unique format where prominent philosophers are engaged in dialogue with their peers, addressing critical essays that challenge their ideas. Each volume includes the philosopher's responses, an intellectual autobiography, and a current bibliography, fostering a deeper understanding of their work and contributions. This approach aims to clarify interpretations and reduce confusion in philosophical discourse, making it a valuable resource for both scholars and enthusiasts of philosophy.

Available for the first time in 20 years, here is the Rudolf Carnap's famous “principle of tolerance” by which everyone is free to mix and match the rules of language and logic. In The Logical Syntax of Language, Carnap explains how his entire theory of language structure came to him like a vision when he was ill. He postulates that concepts of the theory of logic are purely syntactical and therefore can be formulated in logical syntax.

A clear, comprehensive & rigorous treatment develops the subject from elementary concepts to the construction & analysis of relatively complex logical languages. It then considers the application of symbolic logic to the clarification & axiomatization of theories in mathematics, physics & biology. Hundreds of problems, examples & exercises.

Based on the belief that statements are meaningful only if they are empirically verifiable, Carnap endeavours to work out a way in which observation statements required for verification are not private to the observer.