Yumiko Nakanishi Libri

This book is published open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. This book analyzes issues in human rights law from a variety of perspectives by eminent European and Asian professors of constitutional law, international public law, and European Union law. As a result, their contributions collected here illustrate the phenomenon of cross-fertilization not only in Europe (the EU and its member states and the Council of Europe), but also between Europe and Asia. Furthermore, it reveals the influence that national and foreign law, EU law and the European Convention on Human Rights, and European and Asian law exert over one another. The various chapters cover general fundamental rights and human rights issues in Europe and Asia as well as specific topics regarding the principles of nondiscrimination, women’s rights, the right to freedom of speech in Japan, and China’s Development Banks in Asia. Protection of human rights should be guaranteed in the international community, and research based on a comparative law approach is useful for the protection of human rights at a higher level. As the product of academic cooperation between ten professors of Japanese, Taiwanese, German, Italian, and Belgian nationalities, this work responds to such needs.

This book presents a variety of articles on contemporary issues in environmental law by eminent university professors of environmental law, international public law, European Union law, and comparative law in Europe and Japan. It is the first book in the field of environmental law based on the results of international conferences and research activities supported by the European Union delegation in Japan. Current essential and global topics such as principles of environmental law, climate change, biodiversity, ethics pertaining to animal rights , nuclear safety regime after Fukushima, environmental impact assessments, protecting international waters, genetically-modified organisms, and implementing international instruments, and EU rules at the national level are discussed in light of the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon and other recent international treaties, by comparing the approaches taken by the EU, European countries, and Japan. As environmental law is not just a national issue but also a global one, it is important to understand and analyse various aspects of current environmental issues. This book is a response to such needs, and represents the joint work of five Japanese and four European (two German and two Italian) professors who have succeeded in creating something that is both unique and remarkable.

In den siebziger Jahren zeigte sich die weite Auslegung der Außenkompetenz durch den Europäischen Gerichtshof (die sog. «implied powers»-Doktrin zum Abschluß völkerrechtlicher Verträge). Dies ist als die «AETR-Formel» oder die «Gutachten 1/76-Doktrin» bekannt geworden. Seit dem Inkrafttreten des Maastrichter Vertrags legt der Europäische Gerichtshof aber die «implied powers»-Doktrin eng aus. Daraus ergibt sich die Frage, wie die Gemeinschaft ihre Interessen auf internationaler Ebene sicherstellen kann. Der EuGH versuchte, die Gemeinschaft und die Mitgliedstaaten zur Zusammenarbeit zu verpflichten. Woher wird diese Verpflichtung hergeleitet? Kann man diese Verpflichtung als Kompensation für die enge Interpretation der «implied powers»-Doktrin betrachten?