Exploring the concept of asymmetric warfare, this book delves into Afghanistan's role as a battleground for both state and non-state powers over the past century and a half. It highlights the enduring nature of Afghan society and its historical context, referencing the observations of British envoy Mountstewart Elphinstone. The narrative covers five major conflicts: the Anglo-Afghan Wars, the Soviet invasion, and the American-led operations, illustrating the ongoing impact of these confrontations on the Afghan people and international relations.
Focusing on the historical evolution of the country, the narrative begins with an exploration of its people and their dynamics with neighboring powers. It highlights the persistent conflict between rulers and tribal society, particularly during the twentieth century, marked by the divide between urban elites and rural traditions. The account details significant events such as the communist coup, Soviet invasion and withdrawal, and the civil war. Additionally, it examines the Taliban's rise and fall, concluding with an analysis of the country's situation in the post-Taliban era.
Reaching back to earliest times, Martin Ewans examines the historical evolution of one of today's most dangerous breeding grounds of global terrorism. After a succession of early dynasties and the emergence of an Afghan empire during the eighteenth century, the nineteenth and early twentieth century saw a fierce power struggle between Russia and Britain for supremacy in Afghanistan that was ended by the nation's proclamation of independence in 1919. A communist coup in the late 1970s overthrew the established regime and led to the invasion of Soviet troops in 1979. Roughly a decade later, the Soviet Union withdrew, condemning Afghanistan to a civil war that tore apart the nation's last remnants of religious, ethnic, and political unity. It was into this climate that the Taliban was born. Today, war-torn and economically destitute, Afghanistan faces unique challenges as it looks toward an uncertain future. Martin Ewans carefully weighs the lessons of history to provide a frank look at Afghanistan's prospects and the international resonances of the nation's immense task of total political and economic reconstruction.
The book delves into the strategic thinking and diplomatic exchanges between Britain and Russia during the intense confrontations in nineteenth-century Central Asia. Sir Martin Ewans offers a nuanced exploration of the historical context, highlighting the intellectual underpinnings that shaped decisions and policies during this pivotal era. Through a 'history of thought,' it reveals how these interactions influenced broader geopolitical dynamics in the region.
