Fouad Soliman Libri

Exploring the unique characteristics of black sand, the book delves into its various types, including heavy, glossy mixtures found in placer deposits and volcanic beach fragments. It highlights how black sand can appear on different colored beaches, especially post-storms, due to the sorting of sand grains by larger waves. Additionally, the text discusses white beach sand silica, its mineral composition, and historical industrial uses dating back thousands of years, emphasizing its significance in metallurgy and glassmaking.

The book examines the pivotal role of energy storage in combating climate change and facilitating the transition to clean energy grids. It emphasizes the importance of replacing fossil fuels with renewable sources like wind and solar, highlighting how storage solutions help maintain system balance despite variability in energy supply. The analysis presents six key conclusions, showcasing the rapid advancements in energy storage technology and its essential function in supporting renewable energy and green hydrogen production, ultimately contributing to deep de-carbonization efforts.

The book explores the transition to a decarbonized energy system, emphasizing the importance of reducing demand to cut fossil fuel use by 2030. It highlights the role of solar and wind energy in replacing coal, while electric vehicles and behavioral shifts significantly lower oil demand. Additionally, it discusses the critical need for increased production capacity of essential materials and technologies to meet net-zero goals, addressing efficiency improvements in industrial and building sectors as vital components of this transformation.

Electrotherapy encompasses various medical treatments utilizing electrical energy, including deep brain stimulators and methods to enhance wound healing, though its effectiveness in bone healing remains unproven. Tissue engineering focuses on creating or replacing biological tissues through a combination of cells, materials, and biochemical factors, evolving into a distinct field from biomaterials. Additionally, phoresis describes inter-species interactions in ecology, highlighting the complexity of symbiotic relationships in biology.

The book explores the impact of expanding urban areas and the increasing demand for power on human health, particularly concerning high voltage transmission lines. It examines the significant electric and magnetic field stresses generated by these lines and their potential health effects due to exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, categorized as non-ionizing radiation. The focus is on investigating how these electromagnetic fields affect individuals and nearby objects in urban environments.

The book explores the concept of waste heat recovery, emphasizing its potential to save energy and reduce carbon emissions in urban settings. It identifies key sources of waste heat, including electrical generators, industrial processes, and heat loss from buildings, as well as contributions from transport fuels. The text discusses various applications for recovery, such as boiler combustion gases and refrigeration plants, and highlights practical uses for the recovered heat, including space and water heating, power generation, and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes.

Marine energy harnesses the kinetic energy from ocean waves, tides, salinity, and temperature differences to generate electricity. This renewable resource includes wave power from surface waves and tidal power from moving water bodies. With oceans near densely populated areas, the potential for significant energy production is high. Additionally, ocean energy can be classified into thermal energy from solar heat and mechanical energy from tides and waves, highlighting its role in creating sustainable electricity solutions globally.

Exploring the enigmatic concept of dark energy, this book delves into its role as the primary force behind the universe's accelerating expansion. Comprising 69.4% of the cosmos, dark energy is characterized as a gravitationally repulsive force, contrasting with ordinary and dark matter. The text examines its implications for the universe over the last 11 billion years, highlighting the ongoing mystery surrounding its true nature and the challenges physicists face in understanding this dominant yet elusive component of the universe.

The book explores the vital process of desalination, which removes salts and minerals from saline water, highlighting its significance in addressing global water scarcity. It examines the energy-intensive nature of desalination, comparing it to alternatives like water recycling and conservation, which may not always be feasible. With current reliance on desalinated water at 1% of the global population and projections of 14% facing water scarcity by 2025, the text emphasizes the growing importance of desalination, especially in arid regions like Australia.

Composite materials are created by combining two or more distinct constituent materials, resulting in unique physical or chemical properties that differ significantly from the individual components. Unlike mixtures or solid solutions, the primary components retain their separate identities within the final structure, highlighting the distinctive characteristics of composites.