Ernest Nagel Libri

Nel 1931 un giovane viennese, Kurt Gödel, diede alle stampe una breve memoria sulle «proposizioni formalmente indecidibili dei “Principia mathematica” e sistemi affini». Increduli, logici e matematici assistettero al crollo del luminoso edificio hilbertiano, tutto basato sull'onnipotenza del metodo assiomatico. In quelle pagine, infatti, si dimostrava l'‘incompletezza di un'ampia classe di teorie formali, tra cui l'aritmetica, nonché l'impossibilità di provare all'interno delle teorie stesse la loro coerenza. Concepita per condurre il lettore al cuore dell'argomentazione di Gödel, la classica operetta di Nagel e Newman resta ancora oggi uno strumento insostituibile per accedere alle tecniche dell'analisi formale. Il contributo conclusivo di Girard, aggiunto alla presente edizione, affronta i delicati problemi di interpretazione posti dal teorema di Gödel e le sue implicazioni filosofiche più attuali.

Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation - 2nd Edition.

Over the past two centuries the field of logic has developed at an explosive pace into new areas far removed from the traditional syllogism and formal proof. The purpose of this well-known introductory treatment is to chart, clearly and lucidly, this new domain of today's vastly sophisticated logic. Author Morris R. Cohen explores "the periphery of logic, the relations of logic to the rest of the universe, the philosophical presuppositions which give logic its meaning, and the applications which give it importance."Beginning with an exploration of the traditional scope of logic as the medium of formal proofs, the text pursues a modern investigation of the relationship between logic and the mind, logic and speech, logic in metaphor and fiction―and most significantly, logic and the concept of abstract reasoning as applied to the empirical world. Additional topics include logic and statistical method, probability, and scientific models. Concise and highly readable, this volume is suitable for college undergraduates and other readers interested in logic. 1944 edition.

Illustrates the role of logic in various areas of humanistic and scientific thought.

Published in 1946, this volume does not purpose to be a treatise on logic. The author's contributions to the substance of logical doctrine have been made in his other works. What he has attempted in the studies that form this volume is an exploration of the periphery of logic, the relation of logic to the rest of the universe, the philosophical presuppositions which give logic its meaning and the applications which give it importance. It is his belief that formal logic is the heart of philosophy, since the subject matter of logic is the formal aspect of all being. From this standpoint he explores the relation of logic to such fields of study as natural science, ethics, history and general philosophy.

Although differing in their emphases, all three contributors seek a more plausible and nonskeptical philosophical account of the status of scientific theories in relation to observation.

Již z dálky viděl Pat O'Mulligan jjezdce, který sjížděl s kopce, poznal dlouhonohého, ocelově šedého hřebce, běžícího nenapodobitelným mírným, ale plynulým tryskem.