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The evolution of digital process automation began in the 1960s with the installation of the first process computers, leading to significant advancements in automation technology. By the 1970s, cathodic ray tube displays became standard, and annual growth in process computers reached 20-30%. However, the high costs of hardware and user software led to centralized systems for medium and large processes, necessitating expensive backup systems. The introduction of microprocessors in 1971 marked a shift towards more adaptable and cost-effective microcomputers, designed for specialized tasks.
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Digital Control Systems, Rolf Isermann
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- 2012
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