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As Christianity embraced ancient sculpture, it had already entered a deep decline. By the end of the 2nd century, reproductions of earlier types became mere lifeless imitations, with increasingly problematic detail treatment. The preference for colossal forms and the use of precious, hard stones diverted technical skill from higher purposes. The decline of pagan religion further contributed to this deterioration. Consequently, the sculpture of the Constantinian era could not produce Christian types that could compare to earlier divine imagery. The Arch of Constantine exemplifies the exhausted and empty formal language of ancient art, showing no signs of new development. Perhaps aware of this impotence, or out of respect for the beloved pagan statuary and the Mosaic law, the creation of statues in church sculpture was largely abandoned. Rare examples, such as the two minor statues of the Good Shepherd in the Lateran Christian Museum and the bronze statue of St. Peter from the 5th century, are notable exceptions. Few secular honorific statues survived into the 5th century, and Italy retains only the formless bronze colossal statue of Emperor Heraclius in Barletta. Thus, the development of sacred types, akin to those given to pagan gods, was virtually nonexistent in the realm of sculpture, as figures like Christ and the Apostles were not as suitable for this purpose as the pagan deities.
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Der Cicerone: Eine Anleitung zum Genuss der Kunstwerke Italiens, Wilhelm von Bode
- Lingua
- Pubblicato
- 2010
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- (In brossura)
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