Han Byung Chul Libri

Un’infinita possibilità di connessione e di informazione ci rende veramente soggetti liberi? Partendo da questo interrogativo, Han tratteggia la nuova società del controllo psicopolitico, che non si impone con divieti e non ci obbliga al silenzio: ci invita invece di continuo a comunicare, a condividere, a partecipare, a esprimere opinioni e desideri, a raccontare la nostra vita. Con un volto amichevole ci seduce e ci lusinga, mappa la nostra psiche e la quantifica attraverso i big data, ci stimola all’uso di dispositivi di automonitoraggio, ottimizzando le nostre prestazioni. Nel panottico digitale del nuovo millennio – con internet, gli smartphone e i Google Glass – non si viene torturati, ma twittati o postati, il soggetto e la sua psiche diventano produttori attivi di beni immateriali, i dati personali e le emozioni sono costantemente monetizzati e commercializzati. In questo suo saggio, Han pone l’attenzione sul cambio di paradigma che stiamo vivendo, mostrando come la libertà oggi vada incontro a una fatale dialettica che la porta a rovesciarsi in costrizione: per ridefinirla è necessario diventare eretici, rivolgersi alla libera scelta, alla non conformità.

In questo agile saggio, Byung-Chul Han analizza il controllo delle passioni e delle pulsioni nella società contemporanea come uno strumento essenziale attraverso il quale il potere “addomestica” e manipola la loro forza liberatoria, capace di turbare ogni ordine e modello. Assediato da questo controllo, l’individuo non è piú capace di amare e si abbandona a una sessualità sempre uguale. Stiamo diventando immuni all’eros?

The tsunami of information unleashed by digitization is threatening to overwhelm us, drowning us in a sea of frenzied communication and disrupting many spheres of social life, including politics. Election campaigns are now being waged as information wars with bots and troll armies, and democracy is degenerating into infocracy. In this new book, Byung-Chul Han argues that infocracy is the new form of rule characteristic of contemporary information capitalism. Whereas the disciplinary regime of industrial capitalism worked with compulsion and repression, this new information regime exploits freedom instead of repressing it. Surveillance and punishment give way to motivation and optimization: we imagine that we are free, but in reality our entire lives are recorded so that our behaviour might be psychopolitically controlled. Under the neoliberal information regime, mechanisms of power function not because people are aware of the fact of constant surveillance but because they perceive themselves to be free. This trenchant critique of politics in the information age will be of great interest to students and scholars in the humanities and social sciences and to anyone concerned about the fate of politics in our time.

The book explores the overwhelming impact of digital information on society, particularly how it affects political landscapes. It delves into the transformation of election campaigns into battles of information, highlighting the roles of bots and troll armies. This shift is leading to a decline in democratic processes, which the author terms "infocracy," where the quality of information supersedes the democratic ideals it was meant to uphold.

A sharp critique of our contemporary societies in which pseudo-communication and narcissism have replaced community--

Our societies today are characterized by a universal algophobia: a generalized fear of pain. We strive to avoid all painful conditions – even the pain of love is treated as suspect. This algophobia extends into society: less and less space is given to conflicts and controversies that might prompt painful discussions. It takes hold of politics too: politics becomes a palliative politics that is incapable of implementing radical reforms that might be painful, so all we get is more of the same. Faced with the coronavirus pandemic, the palliative society is transformed into a society of survival. The virus enters the palliative zone of well-being and turns it into a quarantine zone in which life is increasingly focused on survival. And the more life becomes survival, the greater the fear of death, which has become increasingly visible again. Everywhere, the prolongation of life at any cost is the preeminent value, and we are prepared to sacrifice everything that makes life worth living for the sake of survival. This trenchant analysis of our contemporary societies by one of the most original cultural critics of our time will be of interest to a wide readership.

Western thinking has long been dominated by essence, by a preoccupation with that which dwells in itself and delimits itself from the other. By contrast, Far Eastern thought is centred not on essence but on absence. The fundamental topos of Far Eastern thinking is not being but ‘the way’ (dao), which lacks the solidity and fixedness of essence. The difference between essence and absence is the difference between being and path, between dwelling and wandering. ‘A Zen monk should be without fixed abode, like the clouds, and without fixed support, like water’, said the Japanese Zen master Dōgen. Drawing on this fundamental distinction between essence and absence, Byung-Chul Han explores the differences between Western and Far Eastern philosophy, aesthetics, architecture and art, shedding fresh light on a culture of absence that may at first sight appear strange and unfamiliar to those in the West whose ways of thinking have been shaped for centuries by the preoccupation with essence.