An analytical framework for explaining the ways in which institutions and institutional change affect the performance of economies is developed in this analysis of economic structures.
North Douglass C. Libri
Douglass Cecil North è stato un economista americano celebrato per i suoi significativi contributi alla storia economica. Il suo lavoro ha radicalmente trasformato lo studio dello sviluppo economico attraverso l'applicazione della teoria economica e dei metodi quantitativi. North si è concentrato sulla spiegazione del cambiamento economico e istituzionale nel tempo. Il suo approccio innovativo e le sue profonde intuizioni nella storia economica lo rendono una figura centrale in questo campo.
Empirical Studies in Institutional Change is a collection of nine empirical studies by fourteen scholars. Dealing with issues ranging from the evolution of secure markets in seventeenth-century England to the origins of property rights in airport slots in modern America, the contributors analyze institutions and institutional change. To make the papers accessible to a wide audience, the editors have written an introduction to each study and added three theoretical essays to the volume, including Douglass North's Nobel Prize address, that reflect their collective views as to the present and future status of institutional analysis.
Develops a way of understanding the process by which economies change. This title explains how different societies arrive at the institutional infrastructure that determines their economic trajectories. It argues that economic change depends largely on 'adaptive efficiency'.
Violence and Social Orders
- 308pagine
- 11 ore di lettura
All societies must deal with the possibility of violence, and they do so in different ways. This book integrates the problem of violence into a larger social science and historical framework, showing how economic and political behavior are closely linked. Most societies, which we call natural states, limit violence by political manipulation of the economy to create privileged interests. These privileges limit the use of violence by powerful individuals, but doing so hinders both economic and political development. In contrast, modern societies create open access to economic and political organizations, fostering political and economic competition. The book provides a framework for understanding the two types of social orders, why open access societies are both politically and economically more developed, and how some 25 countries have made the transition between the two types.
The Rise of the Western World
- 179pagine
- 7 ore di lettura
First published in 1973, this is a radical interpretation, offering a unified explanation for the growth of Western Europe between 900 A. D. and 1700, providing a general theoretical framework for institutional change geared to the general reader.
W książce autor prezentuje nowe podejście do zrozumienia procesu zmian zachodzących w gospodarkach. Przedstawia czynniki, które pomagają wyjaśnić istotne zmiany rzeczywistości gospodarczej. Wskazuje zasadnicze zależności pomiędzy nimi, by odpowiedzieć na pytania dotyczące różnic we wzroście gospodarczym krajów na przestrzeni dziejów. Opisuje m.in. przyczyny rozbieżności w stabilności gospodarczej i politycznej Stanów Zjednoczonych i krajów Ameryki Łacińskiej oraz powody wzrostu i upadku Związku Radzieckiego. Noblista wyjaśnia, jak infrastruktura instytucjonalna determinuje ścieżki rozwoju gospodarczego rożnych społeczeństw. Dowodzi, że zmiana gospodarcza zależy w dużym stopniu od efektywności adaptacyjnej, czyli zdolności społeczeństwa do tworzenia instytucji, które są produktywne, stabilne, sprawiedliwe i dostatecznie elastyczne, żeby się zmieniać lub ustępować miejsca nowym w reakcji na wyniki polityczne i gospodarcze.